July 2013 — In 2012 with funding from USAID’s Preventive Technologies Agreement (PTA), FHI 360 worked with the Government of Botswana to conduct a biological and behavioral surveillance survey (BBSS) among those at an increased risk for HIV. The results, outlined in this technical report, provide evidence that certain subpopulations in Botswana are more affected by HIV/AIDS than others. The results also show that behavioral linkages between these subgroups and the general population have the potential to facilitate further HIV transmission.