Self-Study Post-Test for
Reproductive Health of Young Adults

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Section 1: Reproductive Health Issues of Young Adults

1. Please indicate whether the following statement is True (T) or False (F).

T / F
	Young people have many problems and hence offer little help in addressing reproductive health problems.

2. Check all that apply. Sexually active youth face the following reproductive health risks:
   a. Unintended and too-early pregnancy.
   b. Sexual violence and unwanted sexual activity.
   c. Too much influence on peers.
   d. Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.
   e. Lack of communication with parents.

3. Please indicate whether the following statements regarding gender and HIV/AIDS among youth
are True (T) or False (F).

T / F
	a. Risk of infection varies because of gender.
	b. Girls purchase condoms as easily as boys.
	c. Girls see condoms as a sign of promiscuity.
	d. Boys use condoms most often with regular partners.

4. Please indicate whether the following statement is True (T) or False (F).

T / F
	The length of time when women are fertile prior to marriage has been increasing due to nutrition and health in developed countries but not in developing countries.

5. What are the main reasons that unmarried, sexually active youth report they do not use
    contraception? Check all below that apply.
   a. Did not have permission from their parents.
   b. Did not expect to have sex.
   c. Lacked information about contraception.
   d. Lacked access to resources.

6. Please indicate whether the following statement is True (T) or False (F).

T / F
	As many as half of pregnancies among unmarried women in developing countries are unintended.

7. Please indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).

T / F
	a. Using contraception can reduce the risk of unsafe abortion among youth.
	b. More than half of women seeking hospital care for unsafe abortion in developing countries are under age 20.
	c. Medical complications from abortion are not serious.

8. Check all that apply. Youth are at high risk for STIs/HIV due to which of the following factors:
   a. Non-use or incorrect use of condoms.
   b. Failure to seek treatment.
   c. Lack of communication among peers.
   d. Having multiple partners.

Section 2: How to Reach Young Adults

9. Check all that apply. Communication skills needed by providers working with youth include
    which of the following:
   a. Reflective listening.
   b. Superior knowledge.
   c. Closed-ended questions.
   d. Honesty.
   e. Nonjudgmental attitude.

10. Please indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).

T / F
	a. Sex education leads to earlier or increased sexual activity.
	b. Sex education tries to give young people skills to delay sexual activity.
	c. Sex education can lead to increased use of contraceptive.

11. Check all that apply. The following are outcomes of effective sex education programs:
   a. Strengthens individual and group values against unprotected intercourse.
   b. Provides clear lecture notes for teachers.
   c. Involves students in teaching methods.
   d. Maintains discipline in classroom.
   e. Focuses on reducing sexual risk-taking.

12. Check all that apply. The most important elements in designing programs for young adults:
   a. Are designed by the Ministry of Health.
   b. Involve youth.
   c. Make services accessible, as identified by youth.
   d. Identify target groups, their assets and their needs.
   e. Work with community, including parents.

13. Check all that apply. Elements of good youth-adult partnerships include:
   a. Organizational commitment and capacity.
   b. An equal number of youth and adults on all projects.
   c. Attitude shifts among adults and youth.
   d. Substantive levels of youth participation.
   e. Youth working equal hours as adults.

Section 3: Contraceptive Options for Young Adults

14. Please indicate whether the following statement is True (T) or False (F).

T / F
	Some contraceptive methods are not appropriate for adolescents or young adults for medical reasons.

15. Check all that apply. Complete sexual abstinence can include a range of which following sexual
    expressions?
   a. Hugging.
   b. Massage.
   c. Mutual masturbation.
   d. Withdrawal.
   e. Oral sex.

16. Check all that apply. Why are barrier methods considered particularly appropriate for young
    people?
   a. Many young adults are at high risk for STIs.
   b. Many young people have easier access to barrier methods than to other contraceptives.
   c. They are good methods for couples in long-term relationships.
   d. They can be easily initiated and discontinued.
   e. All of the above.

17. Check all that apply. Which of the following is true of the spermicide nonoxynol-9?
   a. Is more effective against pregnancy when used with another barrier method.
   b. Offers protection against HIV.
   c. Is an appropriate method of contraception for women at low risk of STIs.
   d. May increase the risk of HIV transmission in some circumstances.
   e. All of the above.

18. Check all that apply. When using the male condom, you should:
   a. Open the package carefully to avoid tearing the condom.
   b. Unroll the condom directly onto the erect penis.
   c. Hold onto the rim of the condom while withdrawing the penis from the vagina.
   d. Use oil-based lubricants, such as petroleum jelly.
   e. All of the above.

19. Please indicate whether the following statements about oral contraceptives are True (T)
or False (F).

T / F
	a. Oral contraceptives are very safe for young women.
	b. Oral contraceptives can protect against ectopic pregnancy, benign breast disease, ovarian and endometrial cancer, and some forms of pelvic inflammatory disease.
	c. Fertility returns ten months to a year after a woman stops taking the pill.
	d. Oral contraceptives are usually available only through a clinic or other trained provider.
	e. Progestin-only pills are the best type of oral contraception for most young women.
	f. Oral contraceptives offer protection against some STIs.

20. Please indicate which of the following statements about injectables and implants are True (T)
or False (F).

T / F
	a. Young people can safely use injectables and implants.
	b. Injectables and implants have pregnancy rates of less than 1 percent after one year of use.
	c. Injectables and implants are easy to use without a partner's knowledge.
	d. Injectables and implants are inexpensive.
	e. Using implants and progestin-only injectables reduces estrogen levels, which theoretically could predispose women who use them before age 16 to osteoporosis late in life; however, definitive studies have not been completed.

21. For the lactational amenorrhea method to be effective, a woman must be:
   a. Fully or nearly fully breastfeeding.
   b. Amenorrheic.
   c. Within the first six months postpartum.
   d. Choices a and b only.
   e. Choices a, b and c.

22. Please indicate whether the following statements about traditional contraceptive methods are
True (T) or False (F).

T / F
	a. Traditional methods can promote reproductive health awareness.
	b. They have low pregnancy rates in typical use.
	c. Traditional methods offer no protection against STIs.
	d. Periodic abstinence is particularly appropriate for young women just after menarche.
	e. Natural family planning requires knowledge of reproductive physiology, including fertility.

23. Dual protection refers to:
   a. Use of a highly effective contraceptive method for pregnancy prevention along with
             condoms for STI prevention.
   b. Use of condoms to prevent pregnancy and STI transmission.
   c. Choices a and b.
   d. None of the above.

24. Please indicate whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F) in terms of when
emergency contraception can be used to prevent pregnancy.

T / F
	a. After unprotected intercourse.
	b. Anytime during cycle.
	c. As a regular method.
	d. As a backup method after contraceptive failure.
	e. Anytime within a week after unprotected intercourse.

25. Which of the following methods are considered appropriate for young people? Check all
    that apply.
   a. Complete abstinence.
   b. Oral contraceptives.
   c. Condoms.
   d. IUDs.
   e. Sterilization.

Section 4: STI/HIV Prevention and Treatment: Priority for Young Adults

26. Please indicate whether the following statement is True (T) or False (F).

T / F
	Young adults may be at high risk for STIs due to both behavioral and biological susceptibility.

27. Check all that apply. High-risk behavior for contracting STIs include:
   a. Having multiple partners.
   b. Having one partner who has multiple partners.
   c. Drug and alcohol use.
   d. Using condoms inconsistently or incorrectly.

28. Please indicate whether the following statement is True (T) or False (F).

T / F
	Most curable STIs are caused by bacteria and can be treated effectively with antibiotics.

29. Please indicate whether the following statement is True (T) or False (F).

T / F
	The most common curable STI is HIV.

30. Check all that apply. HIV is transmitted in which of the following ways?
   a. Air.
   b. Semen.
   c. Vaginal fluids.
   d. Blood.
   e. Breastmilk.

31. Which three of the following are good examples of effective behavior by a provider during
    voluntary counseling and testing?
   a. Discussion of disclosure of HIV status.
   b. Preventive counseling.
   c. Shouting at the client.
   d. Providing social and medical support.

32. Check all that apply. Viral STIs include the following:
   a. HIV.
   b. Syphilis.
   c. Herpes.
   d. Hepatitis B.

33. A full STI management program involves:
   a. Training providers.
   b. Diagnosing STIs.
   c. Treating STIs with antibiotics.
   d. Tracing partners for treatment.
   e. All of the above.

34. The consequences of untreated STIs can include:
   a. Painful urination.
   b. Complications with pregnancy.
   c. Infertility.
   d. Death.
   e. All of the above

35. Please indicate whether the following statement is True (T) or False (F).

T / F
	Counselors need to pay special attention to young women, since HIV rates are increasing most rapidly among this group.

When all questions have been completed, please submit your answers.

Self-Study Post-Test for Reproductive Health of Young Adults

Section 1: Reproductive Health Issues of Young Adults

Section 2: How to Reach Young Adults

Section 3: Contraceptive Options for Young Adults

Section 4: STI/HIV Prevention and Treatment: Priority for Young Adults

Self-Study Post-Test for
Reproductive Health of Young Adults