August 2014 — Microbicides have been hailed as a much-needed female-initiated HIV prevention method. But even if an effective product is identified and licensed for introduction, many women will still face gender-related barriers to accessing and using microbicides. This manual provides guidance for conducting a gender analysis in a country preparing to introduce microbicides. A gender analysis can strengthen the effectiveness of health and development programming by identifying gender inequalities that may affect program outcomes and potential ways to address those inequalities. We outline the steps to conducting a gender analysis for microbicide introduction, share lessons learned from pilot testing in Kenya and South Africa, and provide tools and resources for conducting a gender analysis for microbicide introduction.