July 2013 — In 2012 with funding from USAID’s Preventive Technologies Agreement (PTA), FHI 360 worked with the Government of Botswana to conduct a biological and behavioral surveillance survey (BBSS) among key populations. The results, outlined in this technical report, provide evidence that certain subpopulations in Botswana are more affected by HIV/AIDS than others. The results also show that behavioral linkages between these subgroups and the general population have the potential to facilitate further HIV transmission.