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18 Results Found

  • Published research

    Essential concepts in clinical research: Randomized controlled trials and observational epidemiology

    This book helps guide clinicians to read the medical literature more critically. It gives clinical researchers a methodological background that enhances the quality of their research. This second edition features six new chapters and updates the original 16 chapters to incorporate additional topics and recent references.
  • Published research

    Push button replication: Is impact evaluation evidence for international development verifiable?

    The first requirement for research findings to be credible is that they are push-button replicable, meaning a third party can access the original data and authors’ programming code and use them to reproduce the findings. This study finds that only 27 of 109 sampled development impact evaluations from both the health sciences and social sciences published in 2014 meet this requirement. In many cases, authors are noncompliant with journal policies regarding replication files.
  • Published research

    Learning about integrated development using longitudinal mixed methods programme evaluation

    This paper discusses how practical realities of integrated development programming influence evaluation design options. The authors detail the attempts to mitigate potential limitations of a nonexperimental design with the use of a mixed methods approach, using as an example an evaluation in Uganda of combined economic- and family-strengthening programming.
  • Published research

    Adolescents discussing sexual behaviors with key influencing audiences

    This study qualitatively explored effects of sexuality discussions among adolescents and key influencing audiences. Although discussing sexuality issues with an influencer was described as instrumental in facilitating safe sex behaviors, inadequate knowledge and poor communication skills hinder such discussions. These findings suggest the need to strengthen influencers’ communication skills to gain confidence and provide adequate, updated information to address adolescent needs.
  • Published research

    Effect of self-administration versus provider-administered injection of subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on continuation rates in Malawi: A randomised controlled trial

    The authors found that women who self-administered subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC) led to a more than 50 percent increase in pregnancy protection through 12 months compared with provider-administered injection. The findings demonstrate that self-injection can address the stubborn problem of early contraceptive discontinuation and that community health workers can safely train women to self-inject. Malawi plans to introduce DMPA-SC self-injection based on these positive findings.
  • Published research

    Outcomes of compulsory detention compared to community-based voluntary methadone maintenance treatment in Vietnam

    This research finds conclusive evidence that methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is more costeffective than center-based compulsory treatment (CCT) in reducing heroin use, blood-borne virus risk behaviors, drug-related illegal behaviors and monthly drug spending. The authors recommend that policymakers consider allocation of resources for MMT treatment a higher priority and scale down CCT models.
  • Published research

    Recruitment of underrepresented minority researchers into HIV prevention research: The HIV Prevention Trials Network Scholars program

    The HIV Prevention Trials Network’s (HPTN’s) Scholars Program encourages early-career, under-represented minority investigators to pursue and continue research in HIV prevention science. This paper describes the program and suggests that scientists from racial, ethnic and sexual minority communities can benefit from training and mentoring within research consortia, whereas the network research benefits from perspectives of underrepresented minority scientists.
  • Published research

    QUENTIN: Reconstruction of disease transmissions from viral quasispecies genomic data

    Genomic analysis has become one of the major tools for disease outbreak investigations. This paper proposes a Quasispecies Evolution, Network-based Transmission Inference (QUENTIN) framework for conducting genomic analyses of outbreaks of highly mutable viruses associated with chronic infections, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus. The QUENTIN framework uses relevant properties of social networks to address previously identified shortcomings of existing computational frameworks for inference of transmission history from viral genomic data.
  • Published research

    A measurement error model approach to survey data integration: Combining information from two surveys

    Combining information from two surveys is a challenge in survey sampling, particularly when there are overlapping geographies. In such cases, dual frame estimation methods are employed to derive overall estimates while avoiding double contributions coming from the overlap area. In this paper, measurement error models were layered onto the dual frame approach, to appropriately account for potential measurement errors. The approach can be generalized to combine more than two sources of information.
  • Published research

    Daily and non-daily pre-exposure prophylaxis in African women (HPTN 067/ADAPT Cape Town Trial): A randomised, open-label, Phase 2 trial

    The HIV Prevention Trails Network (HPTN) 067 trial, is a Phase 2, randomized, open-label oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) behavioral study to evaluate the feasibility of non-daily regimens in adult women. The majority of women in this study took oral PrEP when made available in an open label study. Daily dosing resulted in better coverage during sex events, reported adherence and higher drug levels.