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Published research

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  • Published research

    Family planning provision in pharmacies and drug shops: An urgent prescription

    This article proposes that governments, working with donors and social marketing entities, embrace and substantially incorporate drug shops and pharmacies into national efforts to meet the family planning needs of men and women. Based on the rich, earlier experience of programs and research aimed at normalizing family planning provision through the commercial private sector, the authors outline three promising practices that should be implemented to increase access to quality family planning services.
  • Published research

    A longitudinal assessment of cervical inflammation and immunity associated with HIV-1 infection, hormonal contraception and pregnancy

    The authors measured 10 biomarkers of cervical inflammation and immunity and compared biomarker levels longitudinally across HIV status, contraceptive and pregnancy groups. The authors found differing longitudinal patterns of cervical immunity, rates of regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) across the groups. The results suggest that RANTES may be associated both with HIV acquisition risk and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) use.
  • Published research

    Large-scale social and behavior change communication interventions have sustained impacts on infant and young child feeding knowledge and practices: Results of a 2-year follow-up study in Bangladesh

    This article assesses the changes in exposure and infant and young child feeding knowledge and practices after a social behavior change program ended. The findings indicate that improvements in maternal knowledge and practices related to infant and young child feeding can be sustained for at least two years. The authors also found that exposure to interpersonal counseling decreased slightly, community mobilization decreased substantially and recall of mass media messaging remained unchanged after the end of the project.
  • Published research

    A scalable, integrated intervention to engage people who inject drugs in HIV care and medication-assisted treatment (HPTN 074): A randomized, controlled phase 3 feasibility and efficacy study

    People who inject drugs have a high incidence of HIV, little access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) or medication-assisted treatment (MAT), and a high mortality rate. The authors assessed the feasibility of a future controlled trial based on the incidence of HIV, enrollment, retention and uptake of the intervention, and the efficacy of an integrated and flexible intervention on ART use, viral suppression, and MAT use. This study concluded that a flexible, scalable intervention could increase ART and MAT use and reduce mortality among this population.
  • Published research

    Expanding understanding of community health worker programs: A cross-sectional survey on the work, satisfaction, and livelihoods of CHWs in Madagascar

    This cross-sectional survey of 874 community health workers (CHWs) contributes an overview of the economic, living and work conditions of unpaid volunteers in Madagascar. These results allow for a deeper understanding of the dynamics underlying some of the challenges encountered by unpaid CHW programs and highlight areas for programmatic action in Madagascar.
  • Published research

    Replication studies of development impact evaluations

    Although independent verification of research findings is a vital part of the scientific process, publication of replication studies is still rare. This article introduces a special issue, guest-edited by the article authors, with eight replication studies of development impact evaluations. The article speaks to the need for replication research and the experience of promoting and funding replication research.
  • Published research

    Marketing self-management education: Lessons on messaging and framing

    Self-management education (SME) is an evidence-based, interactive intervention that helps individuals with chronic diseases maintain or improve their quality of life by building skills, such as goal setting and decision making. But, few people have heard of or understand the term, and participation in such programs remains low. This qualitative research shows it is feasible to market SME programs by using motivating messages in clear but relatable language and making it easy for potential participants to find a program.
  • Published research

    Time taken to link newly identified HIV positive clients to care following a home-base index case HIV testing: Experience from two provinces in Zimbabwe

    This paper presents results of the time to link newly identified people living with HIV to care after using home-based index case HIV testing (HHTC) in Zimbabwe. HHTC increased linkage rates at a much higher rate than in other settings. The authors attribute this to working with expert patients (patients who are stable on antiretroviral therapy) who provided peer support. HIV programs should consider working with expert patients to improve HIV services uptake.
  • Published research

    Experiences with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in Kenya: Qualitative interviews with users and their partners

    The findings suggest that understanding the motivations and experiences of early adopters of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) can inform the development of demand creation and communication strategies to influence uptake and continuation. Communication efforts that emphasize the positive attributes of the LNG-IUS could help promote wider use of the method, especially if new, more affordable products become available.
  • Published research

    "We're going to leave you for last, because of how you are": Transgender women's experiences of gender-based violence in healthcare, education, and police encounters in Latin America and the Caribbean

    This study describes the extent and nature of gender-based violence that transgender women experienced in health care, education, law enforcement and other state institutions in Barbados, El Salvador, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago. The authors recommend that governments enact and enforce antidiscrimination and gender-affirming laws and policies and sensitize providers to deliver gender-affirming services.