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HealthPublished researchSocial and behavior change

17 Results Found

  • Published research

    Chemsex among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Singapore and the challenges ahead: A qualitative study

    This study reports on the perceptions, engagement and barriers for participating in sexualized substance use, or chemsex, within the communities of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Singapore. The authors provide a framework to guide future interventions that address chemsex and the risk of acquiring HIV or sexually transmitted infections among these populations.
  • Published research

    We don’t dare to tell her ... we don’t know where to begin: Disclosure experiences and challenges among adolescents living with HIV and their caregivers in China

    The research findings indicate that disclosure to HIV-positive adolescents in China was delayed compared with recommended guidelines. This paper suggests culturally appropriate disclosure strategies should be developed, with a focus on supporting caregivers and destigmatizing HIV. The potential to use peer support strategies for both caregivers and adolescents in this process might also be explored.
  • Published research

    Brief participant-centered convergence interviews integrate self-reports, product returns, and pharmacokinetic results to improve adherence measurement in MTN-017

    Studies of HIV prevention products face challenges with adherence and adherence reporting. This paper presents the convergence interviews that were developed and implemented during the Microbicide Trials Network (MTN) 017 study. The authors demonstrated that brief convergence interviews and pharmacokinetic data convergence interviews were feasible in adherence counseling sessions and, in general, participants would clarify with the counselors any discrepancies between adherence measures.
  • Published research

    High prevalence of HIV drug resistance among newly diagnosed infants aged <18 months: Results from a nationwide surveillance in Nigeria

    The study found a high prevalence of pretreatment HIV drug resistance, predominantly nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen (NNRTI) associated, among HIV-infected children (less than 18 months) in Nigeria. The findings support using a non-NNRTI regimen in children less than 3 years of age as a preferred first-line antiretroviral treatment regimen, as recommended by the World Health Organization. Child-friendly, fixed-dose, combination co-formulated drugs need to be widely available in the country.
  • Published research

    The influence of social norms on flu vaccination among African-American and white adults

    Although influenza vaccination is a low-cost preventive measure, most American adults, particularly African Americans, do not get vaccinated. This article highlights the findings of racial disparities on social norms in influenza vaccination. The authors identify a greater association between subjective norms and vaccination behavior, which suggests that health promotion efforts, particularly those targeting African-Americans, may benefit from focusing on subjective norms and encouraging friends and family members to talk about the benefits of influenza vaccination.
  • Published research

    Electronic health, telemedicine and new paradigms for training and care

    This qualitative literature review assesses eHealth and mHealth training methods for HIV care that were published between 2016 and 2017. Notable findings were that the merging of electronic medical records systems improved telemedicine through mobile networks and instant messaging services to low-resource areas, and that few trials established efficient strategies to train HIV care providers or extenders on HIV care outcomes. The authors recommend more rigorous testing of electronic training interventions to demonstrate the impact on services for people living with HIV.
  • Published research

    What works — reaching universal HIV testing: Lessons from HPTN 071 (PopART) trial in Zambia

    This article presents early data from the community-randomized universal HIV testing and treatment trial, HIV Prevention Trails Network (HPTN) 071 (PopART). The data show that home-based HIV counseling and testing offered to all households in urban and peri-urban communities in Zambia is acceptable and can dramatically improve residents’ awareness of their HIV status. The authors state that maximizing uptake requires repeated visits to homes to reach those not available or not yet ready to be tested during the initial visit.
  • Published research

    Social context of adherence in an open-label 1% tenofovir gel trial: Gender dynamics and disclosure in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

    To explore the relationship between HIV prevention product adherence and gender dynamics, the authors interviewed women and their male partners in KwaZulu, South Africa. Results highlighted how negotiating product use reflected culturally defined relationship dynamics. Women should be supported in their choice about what to disclose, including whether to use such products without their partners’ knowledge or acquiescence.
  • Published research

    Impacts on breastfeeding practices of at-scale strategies that combine intensive interpersonal counseling, mass media, and community mobilization: Results of cluster-randomized program evaluations in Bangladesh and Vietnam

    This study evaluated the population-level impact of interpersonal counseling, mass media, community mobilization and policy advocacy on breastfeeding practices in Bangladesh and Vietnam. The authors found that breastfeeding practices can be improved on a large scale with intensive interventions, sustained for over five years, in diverse settings. A combination of interventions was more effective than a single intervention.
  • Published research

    The usefulness of a handwashing proxy in large household surveys

    Because tracking handwashing practices is challenging, this paper tested a proxy — the presence of functional handwashing stations with soap and water — and its association with reports of child diarrheal disease in five sub-Saharan African countries. The authors found limited to moderate evidence supporting the potential usefulness of this proxy, suggesting that further exploration in other African and non-African contexts is warranted.